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1 adequate technology
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2 technology
nтехника; технические средства; технология; методикаto acquire technology — получать / приобретать технологию
to adopt technologies to the needs and conditions of a developing country — приспосабливать / применять технику / технологию к нуждам и условиям развивающейся страны
to develop technology — развивать / совершенствовать технику / технологию
to increase access of developing countries to technology — увеличивать доступ развивающихся стран к технологии производства / техническим средствам
to introduce new technology — внедрять новую технику / технологию
to select and design appropriate technologies — отбирать и разрабатывать соответствующие технические средства / производственные процессы
- adaptation of industrial technologyto transplant technologies — переносить технику / технологию / технологические процессы из одной страны в другую
- adequate technology
- advanced technology
- alternative technologies
- antipollution technology
- appropriate health technology
- appropriate technology
- capital-intensive technology
- capital-saving technology
- control technology
- embodied technology
- exchange of technology among countries - high-waste technology
- imported technology
- industrial technology
- intensive technology
- labor-intensive technology
- labor-saving technology
- level of technology
- low-energy-intensive technology
- low-waste technology
- management technology
- military technology
- non-polluting technology
- non-waste technology
- nuclear technology
- nuclear-weapons technology
- package technology
- packaged transfer of technology
- peaceful nuclear technology
- process technology
- requisite technology
- resource-saving technologies
- sensitive technology
- soft technology
- sophisticated technology
- space technology
- state-of-the-art technology
- suitable technology
- technology of production
- transfer of technology
- unpackaged technology
- up-to-date technology
- upward spiral of technology
- utilization of progressive technologies
- waste-free technology
- widely acknowledged technologies -
3 SWAT
1) Общая лексика: полицейский спецназ2) Компьютерная техника: Stat Work Archiving Tool3) Военный термин: A Simple Waste Of Action And Time, SOCRATES WS/LAN Analysis Testbed, Sidewinder angle tracking, Special Warriors Action Team, Special Work Assignment Teams, secure wire access terminal, service weapons acceptability tests, ship weapon against torpedoes, smart weapon attack trainer, special warfare armored transporter, special weapons assault team, strength and weakness analysis of target4) Техника: Spacelab wide angle telescope5) Шутливое выражение: Shoot Without Any Thinking, Sit Wait And Talk, Sitting And Watching All The Traffic, Some Weird Action Team, Someone Will Actually Think, South West Anarchy Team, Spun Warped And Twisted7) Метеорология: Soil Water And Air Team8) Юридический термин: Secret World Adventure Team, Special Weapon And Tactics, спецназ, ОМОН, специальный отряд быстрого реагирования (СОБР. http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=ForumReplies&MessNum=6747&L1=2&L2=1)9) Металлургия: Stress Wave Analysis Techniques10) Сокращение: Space Warfare Awareness Training, Special Warfare Armoured Transporter, Special Weapons And Tactics, Special Weapons Assault Team (USA), Samba Web Administration Tool, Sanibel Water Attack Team (swimming), Satellite, Wideband, and Telemetry (systems), Satellite-Based Worldwide Availability Tool, Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm Theory, Scientific Wild Ass Guess, Seattle Washington Autoduel Team, Seeds, Weeds, And Trash, Sell What's Available Today, Servants with A Testimony, Server, Workstation And Technology Group, Service Weapons Acceptability Test, Sex Workers' Alliance of Toronto, Ship What's Available Today, Short Wavelength Adaptive Technology, Skilled With Advanced Tools (software development), Skilled Workers with Advanced Tools, Software Analysis and Testing (or Quality Assurance), Software Wireless Access Tandem, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (river basin model), Soldiers With Apostolic Truth, Solid Waste Assessment Team, Solid Waste Assessment Test, Solutions with Advanced Technologies (Cisco), Southwest Area Vocational-Technical (school), Southwest Association of Trackers, Special Weapons Attack Team (original name; now usually seen as Special Weapons And Tactics), Special Winning Attitude Team, Specialists With Advanced Tools, Spiritual Warfare and Training (youth ministry), Squad Weapons Analytical Trainer, Staff Without Adequate Training, Sticks With Ass-kicking Tactics, Strategic Weapons and Tactics (TV show), Strengths, Weakness, Advantages & Threats (assessment), Strengths, Weaknesses, Achievements & Threats (assessment), Students Winning Against Tobacco (Texas), Students With A Testimony, Students Working Against Tobacco, Students Working to Advance Technology, Students with a Target (student/police partnership program in Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Submillimeter Wave Advanced Technology, Subsea Well Abandonment Tool, Surface Weapons Against Torpedoes, Swift Action Team, Switch Assembly Test, System Wide Analysis Team, surface water assessment team11) Университет: Student Workers Applying Technology, Student Working To Advance Technology, Student Writers And Teachers, Students With A Target, Students With Advanced Technologies, Students With Advisory Teams12) Физиология: Straight White Attractive Teeth13) Электроника: SoftWare Action Team14) Пищевая промышленность: Small Winery Action Team15) Деловая лексика: Security Willingness Accountability Trustworthy, Selling With Apple Technologies, Special Work Assignment Team, Super Winning Attitude Team16) Образование: School Wide Assistive Technology17) Авиационная медицина: subjective workload assessment technique18) Безопасность: special weapons attack team19) Должность: Skilled With Advanced Tools20) Хобби: Syndicate Wrestling and Tradition21) Федеральное бюро расследований: Special Weapons and Tactics Team22) Международная торговля: Strategic Worldwide Acquisition Team -
4 swat
1) Общая лексика: полицейский спецназ2) Компьютерная техника: Stat Work Archiving Tool3) Военный термин: A Simple Waste Of Action And Time, SOCRATES WS/LAN Analysis Testbed, Sidewinder angle tracking, Special Warriors Action Team, Special Work Assignment Teams, secure wire access terminal, service weapons acceptability tests, ship weapon against torpedoes, smart weapon attack trainer, special warfare armored transporter, special weapons assault team, strength and weakness analysis of target4) Техника: Spacelab wide angle telescope5) Шутливое выражение: Shoot Without Any Thinking, Sit Wait And Talk, Sitting And Watching All The Traffic, Some Weird Action Team, Someone Will Actually Think, South West Anarchy Team, Spun Warped And Twisted7) Метеорология: Soil Water And Air Team8) Юридический термин: Secret World Adventure Team, Special Weapon And Tactics, спецназ, ОМОН, специальный отряд быстрого реагирования (СОБР. http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=ForumReplies&MessNum=6747&L1=2&L2=1)9) Металлургия: Stress Wave Analysis Techniques10) Сокращение: Space Warfare Awareness Training, Special Warfare Armoured Transporter, Special Weapons And Tactics, Special Weapons Assault Team (USA), Samba Web Administration Tool, Sanibel Water Attack Team (swimming), Satellite, Wideband, and Telemetry (systems), Satellite-Based Worldwide Availability Tool, Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm Theory, Scientific Wild Ass Guess, Seattle Washington Autoduel Team, Seeds, Weeds, And Trash, Sell What's Available Today, Servants with A Testimony, Server, Workstation And Technology Group, Service Weapons Acceptability Test, Sex Workers' Alliance of Toronto, Ship What's Available Today, Short Wavelength Adaptive Technology, Skilled With Advanced Tools (software development), Skilled Workers with Advanced Tools, Software Analysis and Testing (or Quality Assurance), Software Wireless Access Tandem, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (river basin model), Soldiers With Apostolic Truth, Solid Waste Assessment Team, Solid Waste Assessment Test, Solutions with Advanced Technologies (Cisco), Southwest Area Vocational-Technical (school), Southwest Association of Trackers, Special Weapons Attack Team (original name; now usually seen as Special Weapons And Tactics), Special Winning Attitude Team, Specialists With Advanced Tools, Spiritual Warfare and Training (youth ministry), Squad Weapons Analytical Trainer, Staff Without Adequate Training, Sticks With Ass-kicking Tactics, Strategic Weapons and Tactics (TV show), Strengths, Weakness, Advantages & Threats (assessment), Strengths, Weaknesses, Achievements & Threats (assessment), Students Winning Against Tobacco (Texas), Students With A Testimony, Students Working Against Tobacco, Students Working to Advance Technology, Students with a Target (student/police partnership program in Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Submillimeter Wave Advanced Technology, Subsea Well Abandonment Tool, Surface Weapons Against Torpedoes, Swift Action Team, Switch Assembly Test, System Wide Analysis Team, surface water assessment team11) Университет: Student Workers Applying Technology, Student Working To Advance Technology, Student Writers And Teachers, Students With A Target, Students With Advanced Technologies, Students With Advisory Teams12) Физиология: Straight White Attractive Teeth13) Электроника: SoftWare Action Team14) Пищевая промышленность: Small Winery Action Team15) Деловая лексика: Security Willingness Accountability Trustworthy, Selling With Apple Technologies, Special Work Assignment Team, Super Winning Attitude Team16) Образование: School Wide Assistive Technology17) Авиационная медицина: subjective workload assessment technique18) Безопасность: special weapons attack team19) Должность: Skilled With Advanced Tools20) Хобби: Syndicate Wrestling and Tradition21) Федеральное бюро расследований: Special Weapons and Tactics Team22) Международная торговля: Strategic Worldwide Acquisition Team -
5 ANTS
1) Военный термин: Army NBCS Tracking System, airborne night television system2) Физиология: Adequate Nationwide Treatment For Sufferers3) Вычислительная техника: Advanced. NET Testing System (.NET, Red-Gate), AT&T Novell Telephone Services (AT&T, Novell)4) Сетевые технологии: Advanced Net Testing System, Auto-Configuration Networking Technology Standardization5) Безопасность: A New Trojan Scanner6) НАСДАК: Ants Software.Com7) НАСА: Antenna Subsystem -
6 ants
1) Военный термин: Army NBCS Tracking System, airborne night television system2) Физиология: Adequate Nationwide Treatment For Sufferers3) Вычислительная техника: Advanced. NET Testing System (.NET, Red-Gate), AT&T Novell Telephone Services (AT&T, Novell)4) Сетевые технологии: Advanced Net Testing System, Auto-Configuration Networking Technology Standardization5) Безопасность: A New Trojan Scanner6) НАСДАК: Ants Software.Com7) НАСА: Antenna Subsystem -
7 Chain, Ernst Boris
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 19 June 1906 Berlin, Germanyd. 12 August 1979 Ireland[br]Anglo-German biochemist and physiologist, co-worker with Florey in the isolation of sufficient supplies of the antibiotic penicillin for clinical use during wartime.[br]Chain graduated in Berlin at the Charite Hospital in 1930. A refugee from political persecution, in 1933 he went to the School of Biochemistry in Cambridge, and in 1935 moved to the School of Pathology at Oxford. He became a British subject in 1939. His interests had involved the study of enzymes and the isolation of physiologically active substances from natural sources. In 1938 he drew Florey's attention to Fleming's note of 1929 reporting the bacterial growth inhibiting qualities of Penicillium mould. Using makeshift equipment and with little initial support, they isolated small quantities of penicillin, which they were then able to use clinically with dramatic effect.Chain had always hoped for adequate resources to develop penicillin and other antibiotics in Britain. This was not forthcoming, however, and in 1948 a research chair and institute was created for him in Rome, at the International Research Centre for Chemical Microbiology. In 1961 he returned to London to the Chair of Biochemistry at Imperial College. There, with the help of a large donation from the Wolfson Foundation, an appropriate building with facilities for the large-scale development and production of biochemical substances was finally made available. His co-equal part in the development of penicillin was recognized by the sharing of the Nobel Prize for Medicine between Florey, Fleming and himself, and he received numerous honours and honorary degrees from a large number of governments and international institutions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1944. Nobel Prize for Medicine (jointly with H.W.Florey and A.Fleming) 1945. Fellow of the Royal Society 1949. Ehrlich Prize 1954.Bibliography1941, "Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent", Lancet (with Florey). 1941, "Further observations on penicillin", Lancet.1949, Antibiotics, Oxford, (with Florey et al.) MG -
8 Leblanc, Nicolas
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 6 December 1742 Ivey-le-Pré, Franced. 16 January 1806 Paris, France[br]French chemist, inventor of the Leblanc process for the manufacture of soda.[br]Orphaned at an early age, Leblanc was sent by his guardian, a doctor, to study medicine at the Ecole de Chirurgie in Paris. Around 1780 he entered the service of the Duke of Orléans as Surgeon. There he was able to pursue his interest in chemistry by carrying out research, particularly into crystallization; this bore fruit in a paper to the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1786, published in 1812 as a separate work entitled Crystallotechnie. At that time there was much concern that supplies of natural soda were becoming insufficient to meet the increasing demands of various industries, textile above all. In 1775 the Academy offered a prize of 2,400 livres for a means of manufacturing soda from sea salt. Several chemists studied the problem, but the prize was never awarded. However, in 1789 Leblanc reported in the Journal de physique for 1789 that he had devised a process, and he applied to his patron for support. The Duke had the process subjected to tests, and when these proved favourable he, with Leblanc and the referee, formed a company in February 1790 to exploit it. A patent was granted in 1791 and, with the manufacture of a vital substance at low cost based on a raw material, salt in unlimited supply, a bright prospect seemed to open out for Leblanc. The salt was treated with sulphuric acid to form salt-cake (sodium sulphate), which was then rotated with coal and limestone to form a substance from which the soda was extracted with water followed by evaporation. Hydrochloric acid was a valuable by-product, from which could be made calcium chloride, widely used in the textile and paper industries. The factory worked until 1793, but did not achieve regular production, and then disaster struck: Leblanc's principal patron, the Duke of Orléans, perished under the guillotine in the reign of terror; the factory was sequestered by the Revolutionary government and the agreement was revoked. Leblanc laboured in vain to secure adequate compensation. Eventually a grant was made towards the cost of restoring the factory, but it was quite inadequate, and in despair, Leblanc shot himself. However, his process proved to be one of the greatest inventions in the chemical industry, and was taken up in other countries and remained the leading process for the production of soda for a century. In 1855 his family tried again to vindicate his name and achieve compensation, this time with success.[br]Further ReadingA.A.Leblanc, 1884, Nicolas Leblanc, sa vie, ses travaux et l'histoire de la soude artificielle, Paris (the standard biography, by his grandson).For more critical studies, see: C.C.Gillispie, 1957, "The discovery of the Leblanc process", Isis 48:152–70; J.G.Smith, 1970, "Studies in certain chemical industries in revolutionary and Napoleonic France", unpublished PhD thesis, Leeds University.LRD -
9 Wolf, Carl
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 23 December 1838 Zwickau, Saxony, Germanyd. 30 January 1915 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany[br]German inventor of the most popular petroleum spirit safety lamp for use in mines.[br]From an old mining family in the Saxon coalfields, Wolf was aware from his youth of the urgent demand for a miner's lamp which would provide adequate light but not provoke firedamp explosions. While working as an engineer in Zwickau, Wolf spent his spare time conducting experiments for such a lamp. The basic concept of his invention was the principle that dangerous concentrations of methane and air would not explode within a small pipe; this had been established almost seventy years earlier by the English chemist Humphrey Davy. By combining and developing certain devices designed by earlier inventors, in 1883 Wolf produced a prototype with a glass cylinder, a primer fixed inside the lamp and a magnetic lock. Until the successful application of electric light, Wolfs invention was the safest and most popular mining safety lamp. Many earlier inventions had failed to address all the problems of lighting for mines; Davy's lamp, for example, would too quickly become sooty and hot. As Wolfs lamp burned petroleum spirit, at first it was mistrusted outside Saxony, but it successfully passed the safety tests in all the leading coal-producing countries at that time. As well as casting a safe, constant light, the appearance of the cap flame could indicate the concentration of fire-damp in the air, thus providing an additional safety measure. Wolfs first patent was soon followed by many others in several countries, and underwent many developments. In 1884 Heinrich Friemann, a merchant from Eisleben, invested capital in the new company of Friemann and Wolf, which became the leading producer of miners' safety lamps. By 1914 they had manufactured over one million lamps, and the company had branches in major mining districts worldwide.[br]Further ReadingF.Schwarz, 1914, Entwickelung und gegenwär-tiger Stand der Grubenbeleuchtung beim Steinkohlen-Bergbau, Gelsenkirchen (a systematic historical outline of safety lamp designs).WK
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